History
From the early years of the Republic of China (ROC), the central government had already established the MOF directly under the Great President as the supreme administration governing national finances. Under the Director-General of the Ministry were five departments: the National Treasury, Government Bonds, Taxation, Currency, and Accounting. The Department of the National Treasury was in charge of the utilization of national funds and the administration of receipts and payments. The MOF under the Beijing Government promulgated its official system and changed the name of the Department of the National Treasury from Kuo-Ku to Ku-Tsang.

After the National Government established its capital in Nanjing, the government enacted and promulgated “The Organic Act of the MOF” on December 8, 1928. The Department of the National Treasury was responsible for the utilization of national assets, examination of appropriations, safekeeping of funds, and the administration of the receipts and payments of the National Treasury. On March 26, 1940, the National Government amended and promulgated “The Organic Act of the MOF.” The Department of the National Treasury was then upgraded to an Administration, and “The Organizational Act of the National Treasury Administration (NTA)” was promulgated on the same day. The National Government amended and promulgated “The Organizational Act of the NTA” on February 10, 1942, and the President promulgated the amended “The Organizational Act of the NTA” on July 22, 1981.

On July 1, 1999, based on “The Principles of the Taiwan Provincial Government Functional Business and Organizational Adjustment” issued by the Executive Yuan, the Administration took over the Provincial Government's employees and operations that had originally belonged to the former Provincial Department of Finance, and continued its business operations at the same location after renaming it the Central Regional Office (The National Treasury Affairs) under the MOF. In line with the reform of the Tobacco and Alcohol Monopoly, “The Organizational Act of the NTA” was amended and promulgated by presidential order on April 19, 2000, and one more division was added. In line with the establishment of the Financial Supervisory Commission on July 1, 2004, the NTA took over some of the business affairs originally handled by the Bureau of Monetary Affairs and the Department of Insurance of the MOF.

On February 3, 2012, in accordance with the reorganization of the Executive Yuan, “The Organizational Act of the NTA, MOF” was enacted and promulgated and became effective on January 1, 2013, whereupon the functions of the original National Treasury Agency were merged with the organization of the Taipei Disbursement Office, MOF with six divisions and five offices, each of which is divided into several sections for the handling of different affairs.